Adoption of Renewable Energy Technologies in the United Kingdom Essay

Adoption of Renewable Energy Technologies in the United Kingdom - Essay Example A huge proportion of the world's energy resources come from natural gases, fossil fuels, and nuclear fuels. These types of energy sources emit harmful chemicals and residues in the atmosphere, on the soil and in various bodies of water, which are harmful to the environment. Recent studies estimate that the demand for energy will increase affectedly within the next few decades. Many scientists around the world agonize over the postulated insufficiency of natural gases which are now considered to be finite and unsustainable. Also, global environmental problems like global warming call for cleaner energy sources in order to preclude degenerative developments in the world's environmental conditions. The running down of United Kingdom’s vast energy resources, along with the forecasted escalation of the world’s energy consumption imperils its energy security. Jamieson 2 Sole reliance on fossil and nuclear fuels void its commitment to reducing energy consumption and cutting ca rbon emissions. The national government now turns to exploiting renewable energy sources that will increase energy supply. The adoption of renewable energy will also help in the decarbonization of the atmosphere using Carbon and Capture Technology. The Department of Energy and Climate Change’s Office for Renewable Energy Development exerts effort in order to understand how this transformation can be achieved and to discuss the possible barriers that may debar adoption of renewable energy. How to achieve development of diverse renewable resources The implementation of renewable energy technologies in the United Kingdom can â€Å"meet the target to deliver 15% of the UK’s energy consumption from renewable resources by 2020† (Department of Energy and Climate Change, â€Å"Renewable Energy†). There are eight (8) renewable resources technologies that will be used to generate at least 15% of the total energy consumption in the United Kingdom by 2020. These are the following: (1) Onshore wind; (2) Offshore wind; (3) Marine Energy; (4) Biomass Electricity; (5) Biomass Heat; (6) Air-source and Ground-source heat pumps; (7) Renewable Transport; (8) Solar and Geothermal Technologies. The national government should focus on the following measures in order to achieve these developments: 1. Enabling access to the grid. Deployment of energy generated by renewable energy resources cannot be completed without access to the grid. This can make or break the plan. The government must ensure that grids are supplied on all renewable energy sites in order to ease deployment actions. Jamieson 3 2. Making sure of a sustainable supply of bioenergy. Bioenergy is seen to possibly contribute almost half of the total energy production needed to meet the 15% target. However, matters pertaining to its sustainability may reduce the use of bioenergy. 3. Technological Advancement. A constant upgrade on the technical support is needed to elevate efficiency on the depl oyment of energy throughout the country. While tools and equipment used in some forms of renewable energy technologies are relatively advanced, others are yet struggling with having the comparatively outmoded technology.  

History of 5 Bowen Road Essay Example for Free

History of 5 Bowen Road Essay Look at any old photo of pre-1950 Hong Kong and the hillsides above the city were dotted with handsome verandah type homes like this one. From the Mid-levels up to The Peak, every successful European merchant, official, compradore or trader scrambled to put up a mansion befitting their perceived status in colonial society. This home was built in 1914 by the property company, Hongkong Land Investment and Agency Company Ltd. Its Devonian name ’Iddesleigh’ (pronounced Idslee) derived from the origins of its occupant, A Mr. Â  Mowbray Stafford Northcote secretary of the Hongkong Land Investment and Agency Company, who was an honorary correspondent to the magazine ‘Devonia’ and was related to the Earl of Iddesleigh. In common with many structures which were built on Hong Kongs precipitous hillsides, the house stands on a handsome, terraced granite base. When built, the house would have had sweeping views across the harbour and its verandahs would have been open to the elements. Three-storey building built in neo-classical style, Corinthian columns, bow arch, decorated with carved eaves and rich ornate interior decoration, showing the lofty building owner socioeconomic status. The top of the building facade reflects its ornate pediment architectural style influenced by the Baroque. During the Japanese Occupation (1942-1945), this building was requisitioned as the home for the Japanese Imperial Naval commander. After liberation at the end of the Second World War, the house was occupied by the Royal Navy and it would later become the official residence of the senior RN officer in Hong Kong, the Commodore-in-Charge and has been better known as the Commodores House since 1952. In 1979, the building was handed over to the Hong Kong Government. In 1990, the building was allocated for charity Mothers Choice Baby Nursing and residential special child care centers.

Effective Coaching Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Effective Coaching Coaching is a very complex and demanding profession. It requires many technical and personal skills (Chamber, D., 1997). All coaches have their own style of teaching. There is no right or wrong method of coaching. Nevertheless, the coach’s philosophy determines his or her coaching aims and objectives, while having a huge influence on the athletes and it’s surrounding environment. This report enabled me to observe a very fine coach. I am honoured to have given the opportunity to observe Winchester public school boys’ senior basketball team coach Tom Liu during their basketball season. Coach Liu is knowledgeable about the sport he coaches and about the development of his athletes. His qualifications include NCCP level 1: volleyball, basketball, special Olympic (technical) and NCCP level 2 Theory. After observing several basketball practices and one basketball game, I’ve come to conclude coach Liu is a well respected and a good role model for his players. He provides challenging and enjoyable practice sessions. During the practices, he is able to communicate well with the athletes. He is constantly asking for the athletes’ suggestions on how to improve their strategy as a team and what the athletes feel they should work on. This allows the athletes to be involved and to develop their thinking habits. Coach Liu also provides good c orrective instructions where he would pull the athlete aside and correct their mistakes either by a... Effective Coaching Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework Effective Coaching Coaching is a very complex and demanding profession. It requires many technical and personal skills (Chamber, D., 1997). All coaches have their own style of teaching. There is no right or wrong method of coaching. Nevertheless, the coach’s philosophy determines his or her coaching aims and objectives, while having a huge influence on the athletes and it’s surrounding environment. This report enabled me to observe a very fine coach. I am honoured to have given the opportunity to observe Winchester public school boys’ senior basketball team coach Tom Liu during their basketball season. Coach Liu is knowledgeable about the sport he coaches and about the development of his athletes. His qualifications include NCCP level 1: volleyball, basketball, special Olympic (technical) and NCCP level 2 Theory. After observing several basketball practices and one basketball game, I’ve come to conclude coach Liu is a well respected and a good role model for his players. He provides challenging and enjoyable practice sessions. During the practices, he is able to communicate well with the athletes. He is constantly asking for the athletes’ suggestions on how to improve their strategy as a team and what the athletes feel they should work on. This allows the athletes to be involved and to develop their thinking habits. Coach Liu also provides good c orrective instructions where he would pull the athlete aside and correct their mistakes either by a...

How Can the Different Ways of Knowing Help Us to Distinguish Between Something That Is True and Something That Is Believed to Be True

How can the different ways of knowing help us to distinguish between something that is true and something that is believed to be true? By using different ways of knowing, we can distinguish between something that is true and something that is believed to be true. In order to express these distinctions, personal experiences, their implications, and their counterclaims are needed to be stated. For something to be â€Å"true† it must be public, eternal, and independent. If the â€Å"truth† does not follow these guidelines then it can not be â€Å"true. The ways of knowing that something is â€Å"true† is comprehended by one’s own perception, language, reason and emotion. With these â€Å"ways of knowing† than the â€Å"truth† can, in theory, be understood. Perception is one of the most broad and vague ways of knowing. It is hard for someone and another to have the same â€Å"perception† of an object or event. Take example that Jimmy, a y oung yet intellectual boy who wears glasses, has just seen the biggest bully Bob assault the youngest and smallest kid in school Fred. Their teacher comes over and asks the three boys what happened. According to Bob, Fred fell and received the bruises that way; Fred says that he was attacked by Bob; and Jimmy states that, due to his glasses fogging up, that Bob had inflicted the pain to himself. This vagueness is why the judicial system takes so much time to resolve problems between one party and another. This has implication due our ability to not ever â€Å"know† the whole â€Å"truth†. The cause of not â€Å"knowing,† due to inability to not see â€Å"everything,† leads to the effect of problems between us and our kin based solely on our perception of the events that took place. According to the definition of â€Å"truth† is that it must be public, eternal and independent and thus begins the problems of â€Å"knowing† between Jimmy, Bob, and Fred. The fact that there was a fight and Jimmy watch is public and everyone â€Å"knows† thus the first part of â€Å"truth† is correct. Eternal works as well due to that point in time there was an incident between those three boys. Lastly it was independent from all outside sources, however the problem arises with what is â€Å"true† and who believes that their story is â€Å"true. Bob believes it was not his fault; Fred believes that he was attacked by Bob; and Jimmy believes that Fred did it all to himself. This causes the problem of who â€Å"knows† the â€Å"truth. † The teacher, being unbiased of course, has no real way of â€Å"knowing† who the culprit is based off what the children believe to be â€Å"true†. This has global implications as well for cultures perceive things differently than that of another culture. Take example the United States and Japan; the United States shakes each other hands when greeting someone politely were as in Japan they would bow to each other first. This could cause a massive global conflict if for example the United States offends the Japanese Councilor at the United Nations due to not bowing when greeting. As a counterclaim, someone could say that just using perception as a tool for â€Å"knowing† is simple not enough. Also perception just is not solely based off the ability of someone to see something but the usage of all five senses. The ability to use the five senses would be the correct way in order to learn the â€Å"true. There is no real way of â€Å"knowing† something solely off the assumption of our perception and there is no real â€Å"truth,† rather just a collection of â€Å"believed truths† that we choose to be the â€Å"truth. † Vladimir Lenin stated that â€Å"a lie told often enough become the truth. † We want to believe that we have found the â€Å"truth† and we will not stop look for that â€Å"truth. † Yet how can we communicate this â€Å"knowledge? † Thus we need the usage of language and its imprecations in â€Å"truth. † Language plays an important role in our lives. We created this tool to pass on the â€Å"knowledge† of others, empirical, and thru this we â€Å"learn. † With Vladimir Lenin’s previous quote can be applied to language as well. The winners of wars are the one’s that create the history. It happens to every culture and every civilization that every existed with the ability to record their history. This has global implications that can be recognized off the fact that if a war were to be started and ended than the victory most like would right about how â€Å"morally righteous† their country was and how their opposition, the losing country, was. Now as a counter argument to that claim would be that maybe the country was â€Å"telling the truth† but then we are right back to the beginning in where â€Å"how do we really know what we know? † Can that country account for every action that each one of its civilians, and, or army infantry did during the course of the war? Most likely neither county could. Therefore they can not â€Å"truly know† based off their beliefs or their â€Å"truths. † This in conjecture with perception is adequate but not 100 per cent sufficient in â€Å"knowing† something. We add a third way of knowing: reason. Reasoning skills are a hard thing to explain about it terms of how we â€Å"know† something. Some things can be taught and thus learned by reasoning: putting your hand down on a hot pan thus teaches us to not do it again because it hurts. However when it comes to reasoning skills with moral can be hard to comprehend. One person may see that killing a human is wrong, were as a military general may see the killing of a human a necessity. Bishop Beilby Porteus states that â€Å"one murder made a villain; millions a hero. † Is he telling the â€Å"truth? Do we glorify war? The implication of reasoning is of the greatest importance because it literally comes down to our inner instincts. In contrast how should we let our animalistic emotions control us or should we have a higher level of â€Å"knowledge? † Can any creature or object ever obtain such a thing? Do we or will we ever â€Å"know? † In my option, I believe not; then again what do I â€Å"know? † Emotion is the final piece to the puzzle of knowledge. With the raw passion with what emotion is cannot be simply summed up or described with words along. How can we describe what an emotion is between people? Take for example the emotion of â€Å"love. † One passionate couple may explain there definition of what â€Å"love† is, however if a restaurant owner was asked the same question he or she may say that their â€Å"love† is their restaurant. Hence this gives us the emotion of sympathy towards dictionary writers. Describing such a raw and passionate feeling is incredible. Globally how can one culture translate the emotion of â€Å"love† from one culture to another? Our love could not possibly be the same as someone in Russia or India. Is emotion something that we are born with, or grow into? We will never â€Å"know,† yet this is the final piece of ways of knowing and thus while using all four pieces of â€Å"knowledge† stills leaves us with the belief that we will never â€Å"truly know. † The difference between truth and believed truth can only be answered thru the ways of knowing. The problem is that there is more than one answer. By assuming that there is a finite answer undermines the whole idea of our â€Å"ways of knowing. † The age old question of the creation of life has been the greatest battle between science and religion. Who is to say that one side is â€Å"right† and one side is â€Å"wrong† when we ourselves do not even â€Å"know. † There is no â€Å"obtainable truth†, only the â€Å"truth† that we â€Å"believe to be true. † â€Å"Everything we hear is an opinion, not a fact. Everything we see is a perspective, not the truth. † -Marcus Aurelius How can the ways of knowing help us distinguish between what ‘is true' and what ‘is believed to be true'? â€Å"? i need examples from real life and how you can tell the difference between truth and the believed truth. Best Answer – Chosen by Voters It seems to me that what is true can also be what is believed to be true. Example: the world is not flat. To answer your question, though, look for scientific evidence. For example, some people believe that the earth is only a few thousand years old. Age dating techniques and the fossil record indicate an age of several billion years. 1) Truth is simply the statement of a fact. A fact is something real, whether an object or an occurrence. Consider the following: I say to you â€Å"I ran a marathon,† but you didn't see me run it. Thus the FACT – the ‘truth' – is that I did SAY it; you know that because you were right there. Whether I actually DID run the marathon or not is another question entirely. Did I lie? Did I exaggerate? You can't be sure. And then you go check the records and see that I was registered to run this marathon. You now know that it's true that I was registered, but you still don't know if I actually ran. You might also find witnesses that SAY they saw me running (catching on yet? lol); so you know it's true that those witnesses SAID that they saw me, because you watched them physically speak the words, but you didn't SEE them seeing me, so you still can't be sure I ran. You could, by now, BELIEVE that I ran, but you still don't KNOW it to be true. Now a time-stamped video that clearly shows me running, that might be about the only thing that could convince you that I truly did run†¦ although that could be doctored†¦ It all comes down to the level of evidence you're personally willing to trust. Do you trust a scientist's data? Do you trust a priest's truthfulness? (And don't get me started on God and faith lol) (And don't get me started on your textbooks, either) The difference between what ‘is true' and what is ‘believed to be true' in the Arts? This could be in painting, art, or english I have an essay to wrote about: â€Å"How can the ways of knowing (language, perception, reason, emotion) help us distinguish between what ‘is true' and what ‘is believed to be true'? † apply this question with examples in the Arts 1) I see art as a representation of reality or a mimic or mirror and the representaitons set at different levels, standards or views depending on who is presenting in whatever form. I see truth as having different levels as well. What we call something is indeed what we call it like a flower is red or whatever. Then there are all sorts of cause and effect relatinships that are indirect or direct cause and effect. One thing can be caused by many things acting together to cause it or a sequence of events and it can make it tough to find the true or the first or most significant root cause (to solve the problem). Mostly, one has to see something to its conclusion to find out what is true vs. what is false, what is consistant vs. hat is inconsistant. Sometimes what is believed is actually true and sometimes what is believed is actually false. Experience is such a great teacher! I guess these ideas can be represented in the arts in various ways in colors, masks, shadows, inconsistancies, demeanor, etc. Some of it left open to interpretation just as art imitates life. We all have the need to believe things we think are true and might also turn out to be true. It is wh at life is about mostly, faith. I don't know if I answered your question or not, but that is what I think so far. ) the difference between what ‘is true' and what is ‘believed to be true' in the arts is the same as that of what is true and what is believed to be true in any other field. you will apply the value ‘true' to that which you can empirically evidence (the type of oil the artist used in a particular painting or the economy of words of a certain novel) and you will apply ‘believed to be true' to that which may or may not be true (evidenced) depending on the individual involved (the feeling of melancholy the particular painting evokes). guess my feeling is that anything highly susceptible to subjectivity isn't really there to help us to distinguish but will serve greatly to enhance our experience of the thing (the objet d'art) itself. Source(s): i don't know a great deal about the philosophy of art nor about the art of philosophy but your question stru ck me as interesting. †¢ Read Karl Popper â€Å"take' on this. He correctly identified the â€Å"arts from â€Å"science†,and in doing so realised that all our knowledge ,in Both(! ), was really â€Å"Suspect†. Hence he became famous for the modern way-of-using and deciphering just how real(or knowledge based) â€Å"criticism† can enable all the mistakes-within Science and even the Arts-†¦. to †¦.. be†¦. learned†¦. from ! (and if you study his work,you should quite easily see that serious-and-dangerous mistakes SHOULD NOT BE MADE. So†¦ this is almost the sole â€Å"point† to our -all our-traditions. That we CAN learn from our mistakes(E. g. in the Arts as well as in the sciences), and even gain a glimmer of good,critical knowledge from those previously,dangerous and deadly ones,too. And†¦. after rereading the above†¦ i think its a virtual responsibility of the arts, to HELP IN THIS; and one obvious modern way is for artists everywhere to â€Å"look† at the current serious and dangerous mistake(s) being made with our environment- and this is just one ONE example that i can think of here;(and although works-of-art should,i think be direc ted to show awarness of this type-of-real-complex problem;i do NOT think that the Arts should promote the breaking-of-laws,ecetera. Rather,the Arts should â€Å"take-our-minds† to new places,to new and better ideas,especially so when in search-of better solutions to the above problem-and other critical problems,too! ). Source(s): The work of the late scholar,teacher and philosopher; Sir Karl. R. Popper, et al. Are Some Ways Of Knowing More Likely Than Others To Lead To Truth? In this essay I will discuss whether some ways of knowing are more like than others to lead to the truth. There is no single definition of the truth where every philosopher agrees with. What we can say is that the truth is ne of the most important elements in our society which extends from â€Å"honesty, good faith and sincerity in general to agreement with fact or reality in particular†. Instead of just concentrating on the four ways of knowing, language, perception, reason and emotion, I will also look at the areas of knowledge, such as sciences and mathematics to help finding which of the four ways of knowing is the most lik ely to lead to the truth. To answer the research question, we first have to look at the truth itself. In a dictionary is said that truth is â€Å"The degree to which a statement corresponds with reality and logic †. Every human being defines truth in a different way. Truth can be what one is prepared to accept as truth, as well as something which is proved by a study for being true or what for example the media, books, government and yourself name to be true. In the first area of knowledge I will discuss, the sciences, truth will always change during the time. A good example is Isaac Newton’s theory of mechanics and universal gravitation. In this time everyone believed his theory describing the universe as being â€Å"true† and there was no evidence for it being not the truth. Than after some centuries some scientist discovered things where Newton’s theory didn’t account for. Therefore his theory was than called â€Å"untrue† and Albert Einstein’s evidence which fitted more into these discoveries was named as being true. This is evidence therefore, that science is a process, the truth will always change in time, but in this particular time period the truth cannot be named as â€Å"untrue† because it cannot be disproved by knowledge or technology. On the other hand in mathematics, one has these principles like â€Å"1 + 1 = 2† or â€Å"2 + 2 = 4†. People do not†¦ ‘ All Of The Other Ways Of Knowing Are Controlled By Language. What Does This Statement Mean And Do You Think It Is A Fair Representation Of The Relationship Between Perception, Emotion, Reason And Language? Language is such a universal phenomenon in human society. Whenever we write or speak, we use it; whenever we make a promise or ask a question, we use it. In the statement ?  §All of the other ways of knowing are controlled by language , language is defined as ?  §words and this ?  §control can be defined as ?  §dominate. Then this saying seems not so fair to represent the relationship between the four ways of knowing. It is more sensible to say language gives some support or limit to our reason? Aperception and emotion. It may influence them, but not only one way ? V the four ways of knowing interact with each other. The function of language is particularly relevant in reason. We should believe our application of reason is within our mind before we express it into words. Most natural science is called logic facts and we often use the name of theories to represent our reason instead of explaining the essence in details. For example, if your hand pushes against the edge of a desk, the desk pushes against your hand. Probably we will tell others this phenomenon is because ?  §Newton?  ¦s third law of motion but won?  ¦t explain the content of this theory word by word. In this case, language has no meaning itself, but it is more like a symbol to represent reason. Another example is ?  §Chaos Theory. Ten years ago, Chaos is just a simple English word, but as Chaos theory become part of modern science, people easily associate the idea of finding the order in random data? when they see the word ?  §Chaos. However, reason requires precision. Scientists use scientific language to give strict definition of a theory before they name it. Newton?  ¦s third law of motion states: ?  §Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second exerts an equal and opposite force on the first. (Isaac Newton 1687) People must have the sense of reaction before this theory is built, but it needs a m edium to become verbalized and communicated in order to evaluate its validity†¦. Best Answer – Chosen by Voters The â€Å"how† of something that is believed true is called â€Å"justified true belief. † (Google it) On the other hand, another way of knowing â€Å"how† something is true or not is called the â€Å"correspondence theory of truth,† wherein everything is true or false according to the context in which you are using the word, phrase, or premise. The correspondence theory can be described this way: â€Å"The degree to which our metaphysical worldview is correct is the degree to which we are able to comprehend the world, and act accordingly. Without this firm foundation, all knowledge becomes suspect. Any flaw in our view of reality will make it more difficult to live. † http://www. importanceofphilosophy. com/Me†¦ http://www. iep. utm. edu/truth/#H3 How Can The Different Ways Of Knowing Help Us To Distinguish Between Something That Is True And Something That Is Believed To Be True? 4. How can the different ways of knowing help us to distinguish between something that is true and something that is believed to be true? â€Å"We create knowledge ourselves, through the four ways of knowing;† (Dombrowski, 91-92) sense perception, language, reasoning and emotion. These ways of knowing are also the means by which knowledge claims are judged for their credibility, validity and most importantly, their likelihood to be true. When a knowledge claim is made, three scenarios are presented with the least problematic being that the claim is false based on the four ways of knowing coupled with past experiences. A claim is not said to be true just because it is false. The aim of this essay will be to illuminate how certainty, confidence and the convincing nature of claims distinguish between claims believed to be true and claims that are known to be true. True† and â€Å"false†, in simplicity, can be viewed as divisors for separating knowledge claims or beliefs but in reality, we view â€Å"true† and â€Å"false† as the extreme boundaries of a scale that determines with reason whether or not claims should be accepted as true or not. In history, where we make value claims, â€Å"Claims that embed evaluations on a scale that is not calibrated in measurable units† (Dombrowski, 106), there seems to be a lot of subjectivity as these claims themselves are subjective. They hold some truth because they are actually made from observational claims. In the story of Nazi Anschluss with Austria, where a plebiscite was held to ask whether Austria wanted to become a part of Nazi Germany and the Nazi’s â€Å"claim to have received 99. 73% of the vote† (â€Å"Anschluss†), two value claims that could come out will be that the Austrians loved Nazis and wanted to be a part of it or that the Austrians feared Nazi Germany and did not have any other option than to be part of Nazis. These two opinions show the subjective nature of such areas but these statements cannot be taken as false. The fact that there is†¦ 1. No comments Join Now For Free

General Provisions Essay

An obligation is a juridical necessity to give, to do, or not to do. JURIDICAL NECESSITY – juridical tie; connotes that in case of noncompliance, there will be legal sanctions. – An obligation is nothing more than the duty of a person (obligor) to satisfy a specific demandable claim of another person (obligee) which, if breached, is enforceable in court. – A contract necessarily gives rise to an obligation but an obligation does not always need to have a contract. KINDS OF OBLIGATION A. From the viewpoint of â€Å"sanction† – 1. CIVIL OBLIGATION – that defined in Article 1156; an obligation, if not fulfilled when it becomes due and demandable, may be enforced in court through action; based on law; the sanction is judicial due process 2. NATURAL OBLIGATION – defined in Article 1423; a special kind of obligation which cannot be enforced in court but which authorizes the retention of the voluntary payment or performance made by the debtor; based on equity and natural law. (i.e. when there is prescription of duty to pay, still, the obligor paid his dues to the obligee – the obligor cannot recover his payment even there is prescription) the sanction is the law, but only conscience had originally motivated the payment. 3. MORAL OBLIGATION – the sanction is conscience or morality, or the law of the church. (Note: If a Catholic promises to hear mass for 10 consecutive Sundays in order to receive P1,000, this obligation becomes a civil one.) B. From the viewpoint of subject matter -1. REAL OBLIGATION – the obligation to give 2. PERSONAL OBLIGATION – the obligation to do or not to do (e.g. the duty to paint a house, or to refrain from committing a nuisance)

The Muslim World Has Demonstrated Uncertainties Religion Essays

The Muslim World Has Demonstrated Uncertainties Religion Essays The Muslim World Has Demonstrated Uncertainties Religion Essay The Muslim World Has Demonstrated Uncertainties Religion Essay Introduction Although there are over one billion Muslims in the universe, and over 10 million in the West, most treatments of Islam are based on cliches or straight-out bias ( Akbar and Tauris, 2008 ) . The inquiry of international human rights and the Muslim reading is filled with jobs, including the Western point of view that many bookmans have recognized to the content of international instruments and to the treatment environing them. In this essay I will turn to two of import countries of the discourse around Islam and human rights, and in making so will be aware of these furnishings of human rights in Islam as viewed from my as awaited Western position. In Section 1, I will supply a critical analysis of Islamic positions of UDHR, ICCPR, and CEDAW, every bit good as Muslim justifications for the UIDHR. In Section 2, I will discourse the relationship between the Madinah ( the five pillars and the three rules of political, economic and societal establishments ) and how it formed a foundation fo r the Islamic province of Iran every bit good as the construct of the future province of Palestine. Section # 1 The cardinal international instruments codifying human rights norms are the UDHR, the ICCPR and CEDAW. The Muslim universe has demonstrated uncertainnesss in using each of these instruments. As respects the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR ) , these uncertainnesss may be partially due to a deficiency of committedness from the beginning, every bit good as a failure to expect the long-run deductions of signing such instruments. Mayer has noted that the ballots in favour by [ aˆÂ ¦ ] the little figure of Muslim states that were already UN members in 1948 did non uncover the ambivalency and cleavages that would later emerge ( 2006, p.3 ) . Although those Muslim states accepted 2nd coevals rights, they lacked both the committedness and resources to guarantee that their criterions were realized ( Mayer, 2006, p.3 ) . Many of those same Muslim states showed they were non prepared to esteem the cardinal UDHR principal of the equality of all human existences, and co ntinued know aparting against adult females, against racial and spiritual groups, against disfavored ethnicities and autochthonal peoples, and/or against the colonised peoples whom they ruled ( Mayer, 2006, p.4 ) . As respects the protection of the specific human rights of adult females, Mayer has besides commented that there are considerable Muslim reserves as respects the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women ( CEDAW ) ( 2006, p.19 ) . The 1996 ICCPR represented a move towards codification of human rights that was more representative of Eastern every bit good as Western values. Indeed, the dramatic disparity between the 1948 UDHR and the 1996 ICCPR illustrated how the really different historical experiences of Western colonists and the peoples whom they occupied affected their several human rights precedences ( Mayer, 2006, p.4 ) . This instrument is more delighting within the Muslim construct of human rights, and more easy implemented within Muslim states that the UDHR. However, the ICCPR besides included an of import article sing freedom of faith: Article 18 of the ICCPR [ aˆÂ ¦ ] to separately or in community with others and in public or private, to attest his faith or belief in worship, observation, pattern, and learning ( Witte and van der Vyyer, 1996, p.279 ) . This article is often ignored in certain Muslim states, such as Iran, where the freedom to pattern and more specifically to non pattern certa in spiritual observations is restricted. The enforcement of certain frock codifications for adult females in Iran is a cardinal illustration of this limitation. In add-on to these international instruments, the Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights ( UIDHR ) was adopted by the Islamic Council in 1981. This can be considered a consequence of the fact in which preparations of human rights have frequently been made in Islamic footings, proposing that Islam is a critical factor impacting Muslim s receptiveness to human rights constructs ( Mayer, 1998, p.1 ) . The UIDHR represents a type of Islamification of the constructs contained in the preexistent international human rights instruments. In fact, many of the same rules contained in the UDHR and the ICCPR are repeated in the UIDHR. As noted in Human Rights in Global Positions: Religious Positions, the UIDHR does incorporate the mentions found in the discourse of international jurisprudence. For illustration, Article X, titled Rights of Minorities , provinces: The Quranic rule that there is no irresistible impulse in faith shall regulate the spiritual rights of non-Muslim states. In a Muslim state, spiritual minorities shall hold the pick to be governed in regard of their civil and personal affairs by Islamic Law or by their owns Torahs. Article XIII provides every individual with the right to freedom of scruples and worship in conformity with one s spiritual beliefs, while article XII ( vitamin E ) forbids roasting, keeping in disdain, or motivating public ill will against the spiritual beliefs of others ( Witte and van der Vyyer, 1996, p.396 ) . It is unsure whether the standard value of this new codification of human rights to Muslim audiences is that its content is more dependable with Islamic values, or if it is the writing itself that is of greater importance. Sing the similarities in the substantial rights protected, one admirations if the drafting of this papers was an exercising for the Muslim universe in taking ownership of the international human rights discourse, instead than being for the intent of doing important substantial alterations to the rights and imposts recognized within. However, some substantial alterations were decidedly introduced in the content of the UIDHR. As noted in Religious Human Rights in Global Positions: Religious Positions, the UIDHR is non without its ain qualified transitions as respects freedom of look. Although article XII ( a ) provides every individual with the right to show his ideas and beliefs, it is merely so long as he remains within the bounds approved by the Law, which, in the Arabic version, reads, the Shariah, the peculiar word for Islamic jurisprudence. [ aˆÂ ¦ ] the UIDHR was drafted in response to the supposed inclination among Western rights advocators and bookmans to except Islam from the cultural sphere where human rights were conceived and proclaimed and where they retain intending ( Witte and van der Vyyer, 1996, p.397 ) Section # 2 The Madinah the five pillars and the three rules as a political, economic and societal establishments has been included in changing ways in the foundation of a series of Islamic provinces and imperiums. Some have argued that the values that underlie the five pillars of Islam are besides core values for Muslim passive resistance action ( Esack, 2006, p.141 ) . Esack has besides noted that Zakah, one of the five chief pillars of Islam, is aimed at sing distributive societal justness and authorization of the weak ( 2006, p.145 ) . In pattern, nevertheless, those values have besides been used to convey about violent action and societal favoritism. In peculiar, the Madinah has played an of import function in the constitution of the current Persian government, and is besides going progressively outstanding in the treatment environing the motion for an independent Palestinian province. As respects to Iran, the illustration cited above of frock limitations for adult females is a clear presentation of the failure to esteem what Esack has identified as the distribution of justness and the warrant of societal justness for weaker groups. Rather than utilizing the Madinah to further regard for single human rights, it became a tool of use in the custodies of those who wanted power, as spiritual codifications frequently do. In peculiar, Esack has noted that the Muslim faith was used as a radicalizing factor to dispute bing authorization figures. He states faith has so at times supported, or even brought approximately, radical state of affairss. New spiritual readings did much to convey about the radicalization of faith which terminated monarchial regulation in Iran ( 1979 ) and [ aˆÂ ¦ ] unnoticed by perceivers of Iran, have on away the authorization of the established clergy every bit good ( 2006, p.53 ) . This radicalization came in response to an every bit utmost duty of secularisation in Iran after World War I. It is interesting to observe that radicalism can be every bit in both faith and secularism, and that either of these frequently creates radicalism of the opposite sort. It has been asserted that the coercive and intrusive mode in which secularisation was forced by autocratic governments in Turkey and Iran after the terminal of the First World War [ aˆÂ ¦ ] aggravated [ aˆÂ ¦ ] confusion and intensified [ aˆÂ ¦ ] contention over the issue of whether Islam allows differentiation between faith and province ( Witte and van der Vyyer, 1996, p.350 ) . Therefore, the values that many believe to be personified in the Madinah, including equality, regard for single freedoms, societal justness and passive resistance were in many ways abandoned. Alternatively, Islamic rules were influence to warrant and air policies hostile to civil and political rights which were promo ted by authoritiess in states like Iran ( Mayer, 2006, p.18 ) . The radicalization of the Medinah is in many ways responsible for this result. Domestic and international support for an independent Palestinian province has besides taken on an progressively Muslim attack, peculiarly in the aftermath of the 2008-2009 invasion of Gaza. Support for the Islamic group Hamas, whose election sparked that invasion, has continued to turn. Esack has noted that at present, re-interpreted spiritual thoughts feed the opposition motion in Palestine and feed resistances that are sacredly articulated and politically motivated where the conflict lines are drawn ( 2006, p.53 ) . International protagonists have encouraged representatives of the hereafter Palestinian province have urged them to show their statements in footings that refer to international human rights instruments, instead than Muslim public speech production, in order to make a wider audience and to beef up great international support for the Palestinian cause. The affair of an independent Palestine has besides helped to determine up response throughout the Muslim universe as respects self finding. The great shop that people in Muslim states topographic point by the right of self finding correlatives closely with Muslims preoccupation with Palestinians failure after decennaries of battle to set up an independent Palestine ( Mayer, 2006, p.25 ) . This demonstrates that this recent move towards the faith of the Palestine treatment is a response to decennaries of failure to get the better of subjugation, instead than deep-seated strong beliefs. The psychological failing that has resulted from so many old ages of agony has created an increased potency for maltreatment, non merely of the Palestinians themselves, but besides of perceivers elsewhere in the Muslim universe. In fact, it has been suggested that authoritiess in Muslim states are working this preoccupation with the Palestinians predicament, and have frequently encouraged people t o concentrate on Palestinians long-thwarted national release battle as manner to squelch and debar popular demands for expanded rights and freedoms on the domestic scene ( Mayer, 2006, p.25 ) . Section # 3 Before taking this class, I was nt really educated with the subject of Women in Islam in great item. Partially due to my current abode in North America, and my deficiency of attending with reading or watching the intelligence. As a Muslim, I was witting of a lone some points that were in relation to Women in Islam with respect to a few of the responsibilities a adult female should prosecute. Rules that disallowed adult females to direct Salaat ( supplication ) with work forces in melody with the day-to-day supplications ; an illustration of how adult females are purely forbidden to expose their hair or any signifier of tegument which could go forth the opposite gender to take its class in thought of haram ( iniquitous ) Acts of the Apostless. As a pupil, in July, I was really much intrigued by the rubric of this class due to the word Islamic . As a Muslim, one should experience proud to hold that word in show right in forepart of their eyes on the proctor. Without reading the description, I expected to derive cognition of more about my faith, the political relations behind it. Because of my deficiency in cognition from non reading or watching the intelligence, I was trusting to larn and maintain up-to-date with recent events continuing in the Muslim universe today. Due to changeless absences because of my unwellness and spiritual observation, as a pupil in the category and at place I learnt many important facets of the faith in respects to the Sharia. Certain critical figures of the past 50 old ages ( e.g. Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Ruhollah Mostafawi Mousawi Khomeini ) , larning about the methods in registration behind the Al-Qaeda, and the current categorization of Jihad. Having passed this class, with consent of the Professor, I intend to larn more and delve deeper into a shoebox of the recent issues with mention to Muslims and hope to distribute my ain message through the current community work and place I presently reside on. I wish to discourse to my fellow young person and through treatments, educate them, with the cognition that I have acquired. I excessively, happen this as an chance to go on on in broadening my positions on the topic through reading and watching the intelligence.

Essay on How marketing strategy can build customer loyalty

Essay on How marketing strategy can build customer loyalty Essay on How marketing strategy can build customer loyalty Essay on How marketing strategy can build customer loyalty  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Today the hotel industry is considered to be a global industry because customers and producers can be found in all parts of the world. For many customers, such services and hotel facilities as guestrooms, restaurants, bars, spa centers and a wide range of wellness services are â€Å"no longer considered a luxury† (Carev, 2008, p. 10). Marketing strategy aimed at building customer loyalty plays an important role in the hotel industry. Researchers believe that â€Å"in the last decades, demand for supply of hospitality services beyond that of traditional services intended for travelers have escalated the growth of the hospitality industry globally, leading to intense competition in the marketplace† (Carev, 2008, p. 11). Recent studies of the effectiveness of the hotel industry point out to the fact that it is necessary to improve loyalty of customers by â€Å"promoting interpersonal service encounters to build long-term relationships between customers and hotels† (Wang, 2007, p. 23). Today researchers provide massive opportunities for the successful marketing operations in the hotel industry. Hotel organizations face considerable challenges caused by the increased rate of competition. According to researchers, â€Å"competition has major implications for the customer, providing increased choice, greater value for money and augmented level of service† (Carev, 2008, p. 11). This study discusses how marketing strategy can build customer loyalty in the hotel industry.Research objectives  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The major research objectives include:To explore the role of marketing strategy in building customer loyalty in the hotel industry;To assess the proper strategies aimed at expanding customer loyalty;To find the proper ways to measure customer loyalty in the hotel industry.Rationale of the studyThis study is focus ed on exploring one of the most significant issues in the hotel industry marketing – the role of customer loyalty in the hotel industry. Marketing strategy can effectively build customer loyalty, providing benefits to customers and making hotel organizations more appealing due to price discounting. Hotel organizations should be focused on the delivery of high quality services to ensure customer satisfaction, which has a strong impact on the loyalty of customers (Liu, 2008).Definition of the key termsCustomer loyaltyCustomer satisfactionCustomer valueLiterature review  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This section reviews the literature on the role of marketing strategy in building the loyalty of customers in hotel industry. Marketing strategy specially developed for customer loyalty programs in the hotel industry guarantees success if the loyalty of potential customers is properly measured and expanded.Building customer loyalty is crucial in the successful implement ation of marketing strategy in the field of hotel industry. According to researchers, â€Å"since the beginning of the 1990s, customer loyalty has gained importance both in relationship marketing research and in business†(Cahill, 2006, p. 6). In the hotel industry, the loyalty of customers can be attributed to the increased role of changing competition environments. Marketers should assess the potential value generated by the loyalty of customers (Cahill, 2006). In other words, they should assess how loyal are the consumers of their products and services. The relationship marketing approach allows finding the proper strategies to expand customer loyalty (Cahill, 2006).Besides, it has been found that there is a close relationship between customer loyalty and the organization’s profitability. As a result, marketing strategy plays an important role in building customer loyalty, which affects the hotel organization’s profitability (Carev, 2006). Researchers state th at â€Å"when a company retains just 5 percent more of its customers, profits increase by 25 percent to 125 percent† (Carev, 2006, p. 3). Marketers need the appropriate information to develop effective marketing strategies aimed at loyal customers.In addition, customer loyalty can be recognized as the key factor in the development of any business organization.   Kandampully and Suhartanto (2000) explore the relationship between customer loyalty, customer satisfaction, and the company’s image. The researchers have identified the key factors of the company’s image and customer satisfaction that have a positive relation to the loyalty of customers in the hotel industry (Kandampully Suhartanto, 2000). They provided the information taken from the chain of hotels located in New Zealand. It has been revealed that â€Å"hotel image and customer satisfaction with the performance of housekeeping, reception, food and beverage, and price are positively correlated to cus tomer loyalty† (Kandampully Suhartanto, 2000, p. 346).It is very important to understand that in order to expand customer loyalty, it is necessary to increase customer satisfaction. According to researchers, â€Å"low quality service leads to low satisfaction, discouraging guests form returning†(Carev, 2006, p. 1).   Actually, this assumption is taken into consideration by many hotel owners who are focused on expansion of loyalty (Carev, 2006). In other words, a hotel organization should provide high quality services to gain customer satisfaction and expand customer loyalty. Researchers suggest that hotel managers and hotel executives should use the proper strategies to influence the quality of services, brand loyalty, brand image and brand awareness in the hotel organizations, taking into consideration the relations between customer loyalty and brand equity (Kayaman Huseyin, 2007).In addition, hotel organizations aimed at expanding customer loyalty have more chance s to avoid certain challenges caused by competition. Service quality is the key factor that helps to expand the loyalty of potential customers. Hotel organizations provide effective loyalty programs that can be viewed as marketing strategy aimed at enhancing customer loyalty (Kayaman Huseyin, 2007; Wang, 2007). According to researchers, â€Å"corporate image is influenced both by service quality and customer satisfaction, which in turn influences customer loyalty† (Kandampully Hu, 2007, p. 434). In other words, the key to expanding customer loyalty is to foster the image of the hotel organization through improved service quality and an increased number of satisfying customers (Kandampully Hu, 2007).Measuring loyalty stands for measuring the loyalty factors that includes the following aspects:saying positive things about the hotel;recommending the hotel to other customers who need the advice in this field;encouraging other customers to use the services of this hotel;conside ring the hotel the best option to buy services or products;maintaining business relationships with the hotel in the next years (Carev, 2008, p. 16).As customer loyalty helps to protect the hotel organization from the effects of direct competition, measuring loyalty guarantees positive outcomes. It is very important to place emphasis on the dynamism of competition forces to assess customer value and its impact on the loyalty of customers. In general, marketers can measure customer loyalty by assessing the intention of customers to repurchase the services provided by the hotel organization, as well as by assessing customer satisfaction (Brennan et al., 2010; Carev, 2008). Those hotel organizations that are aimed at measuring the loyalty of their customers are focused on measuring customer satisfaction (Pearson, 2012). In some cases, they may face serious challenges because customer satisfaction is considered to be â€Å"the Trojan horse of loyalty† (Pearson, 2012, p. 56).   H otel organizations should develop the proper marketing strategy that will make investment in the so-called loyal customers, who will promote enduring relationships in the field of the hotel industry (Pearson, 2012). Besides, customer loyalty can be measured by â€Å"environmental attribute, managerial attribute and social attribute† (Liu, 2008, p. 49). These attributes give explanation to customer behavior and the intention to repurchase products and services. Marketers should take into consideration the changing tastes of customers in order to improve the quality of products and services (Liu, 2008).Marketing strategy should be focused on building the relationship with customers. According to recent research â€Å"inspired by the airlines’ success, most major hotel chains have developed loyalty programs that reward customers for repeat business†(Hu et al., 2010, p. 128).   The effectiveness of reward programs in building the relationships with loyal customers help to alter certain patterns of their behavior. The timing of rewards has a strong impact on customer loyalty for the hotel industry due to the moderated customer satisfaction (Hu et al., 2010).Research questionsThere are several research questions that help to discuss the importance of customer loyalty in the hotel industry:Is customer loyalty really critical to doing a successful business in the hotel industry field?What value does a satisfied customer may return to the hotel organization?Critical discussion of data /evidence required  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The key factors that influence the development of customer loyalty in the hotel industry should be properly assessed. It has been found that the most important determinant for customer loyalty is customer satisfaction (Carev, 2008, p. 10). The main issues for the discussion should be focused on quality of services which may encourage customers’ satisfaction and make customers perform the repeating visits to the same hotel organization (Rosenbaum et al., 2005). The required data or evidence is valid and can be effectively used in the research. Critical review of different studies on the role of marketing strategy in building customer loyalty has been done based on the useful evidence-based sources.